The Marketing Of A Marketing Audit - 2488 Words

A marketing audit is a comprehensive and methodical examination of a company’s failures and successes in terms of marketing. An audit, evaluates the market environment, the marketing strategies, and the company’s goals to better see where the company may be falling short, and similarly, it shows what is working. In this Audit we will be observing several fields of marketing relative to the Sony Corporation, it will examine and focus on the Marketing Mix, Environmental Analysis, and SWOT Analysis. These Analyses will enable us to better understand Sony’s strategies in regards to marketing, what influences affect the company, and what changes may need to be made in order to correct negative impacts. This industry conglomerate was†¦show more content†¦They went on to create the first wide screen HD TV, digital recording device, digital camera, and blue ray player. They developed the first LCD device, the first Internet TV powered by Google and that’s just a brief overview of all the innovations, inventions, and products associated with the Sony Corporation. (####) The first computer related product from Sony was introduced in 1967. They co-developed the microprocessor collaborating with Intel Corp. in 1971; however, the core of their electronics sales continued to stream from the audio and visual electronic equipment such as TV’s and radio systems. Sony has always stayed true to their mission of designing with functionality and portability in mind and as that became important to consumers in regards to laptop design, Sony was ahead of the curb creating more compact designs in addition to the co-development of the word processor and the 3.5 inch floppy disc which was a new and innovative recording medium at the time. (####) Currently, Sony has become one of the foremost manufacturers of audio, video, information and communication products for both the customer and the professional business markets; furthermore, its products are synonymous with quality, and value. Sony’s mission and vision is to design and create innovative quality products which benefit customers. Their marketing goals are to increase sells, create innovative quality products, and deliver value to their customers, clients, and partners in

The Oil And Gas Industry - 2120 Words

The oil and gas industry happens to be the largest industry in the world as it is the singular point of growth for a civilisation. Its importance lies in the fact that it is a fundamental aspect involving every individual’s lives from petrochemical products to transportation, heating and electricity fuels. Edwin Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania drilled the very first oil well during 1859 and it paved the way to the beginning of the oil industry in America. While Edwin Drake focused on drilling oil wells in order to find oil, John Rockefeller thereafter focused on the refining of oil because it is through the refining of oil that it becomes fit for various purposes of practise. This was a step in the advancement of the oil and gas industry since it was this type of thinking that lead to the more commercially viable usage of oil. Before the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by Rockefeller, oil was mainly used for lamps and lubrication however, soon after oil was necessary for advanced inventions such as ships, airplanes and automobiles. For example, ships and trains were previously reliant on coal but were then switched to running on oil; this was a positive switch due to the fact that coal is the energy source which emits the most CO2. Hence, oil followed by natural gas became the most sought after and most imperative source of energy globally. Understanding the vitality of oil brings to the table the general security of energy. The fear of oil running out is aShow MoreRelatedThe Oil And Gas Industry1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe oil and gas industry is characterized by many processes, including exploration, resource extraction, refining, transport, and the trade of products. These resources are important to a number of other industries, and have become vital to the maintenance of industrial civilization. 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Each of these companies faces some financial, commercial or contractual considerations similar throughout the industry, and some peculiar to the area of operation within the industry. Problems within the oil and gas companies have occurred in the past due to askew interests and these problems are likely to occur in the future. Managers within the oil and gas industries requires essential working knowledge of the concepts involvedRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry2308 Words   |  10 PagesWhen thinking about how all this oil and gas gets from the platforms in the gulf to land to be produced, you will run across the phrase, â€Å"flow assurance.† Flow assurance is what makes sure these oils and gases get from point A to point B without any hesitations or problems. Its main purpose is to prevent hydrates, clogged pipes, and wax depositions. So can the oilfield industry survive without flow assurance, especially in deep water operations? 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During the last decades of the twentieth century, Houston focused on developing energy industry—which comprises oil and gas exploration and production, oilfield equipment manufacturing and wholesaling, and pipeline transportation. However, some economists doubt that depending on oil and gas too much could make Houston particularly vulnerable to economic downturns determined by energyRead MoreThe Oil And Gas Industry1662 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most capital intensive and globalized industries is the energy sector because of its operations that are inherently complex. As such, the oil and gas projects experience overruns of costs that exceeds 100 percent at times, which have created the need for adoption o f new contracting strategies (Schramn, Meibner, Weidinger, 2009). The risks in most cases are contractually distributed and shared among the energy project stakeholders instead of leaving it to the owner. 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Therefore, different oil and gas companies are founded across the world and a lot of them have gone global. Becoming global has enlarged the companies’ revenue but also complicatedRead MoreIndustry Analysis : The Oil And Gas Industry976 Words   |  4 PagesIndustry Analysis: The oil and gas industry is expansive and rather complex industry consisting of oil, fossil fuels, natural gas, oil and green energy sources. Combined the above sources make-up 32% of total energy consumed worldwide. Three sectors define the value chain of the oil industry; Upstream – which is the process of exploration and extracting the natural resource, control storage and entail refinement process. Midstream – consisting of distribution by pipelines and large quantity shipments

Nursing Assessment Deep Breathing Aerobics

Question: Describe about the Nursing Assessment for Deep Breathing Aerobics. Answer: 1. Deep breathing aerobics are significant for pain regulation, to make the Gill relaxed, and to release tension in the ribcage barricade and back. I would advise Gill to continuously practice deep inhalation using her diaphragm, no less than7 times per day. I would encourage her to be sitting in a relaxed chair or to lie down on her back. Gill needs to take a gentle, deep inhalation through her nose to increase her chest and belly (Calandruccio, Grear, Mauck, Sawyer, Toy Weinlein, 2016). Furthermore, Gill has to hold for about some 2 seconds before breathing out. She can then breathe out slowly. This excursive need to be repeated for about 4 to 5 times a day to be effective. However, Gill can utilize the inducement spirometer supplied to her at the sanatorium to sure she is breathing deeply. The importance of the practice is to open the breathing system to ensure that Gill has sufficient blood supply in the body. I would teach her the importance of the practice and encourage being doing the exercises daily. I would also warn her about the dangers of not performing the exercise like causing the breathing system not to supply sufficient blood and the nutrients to the hips where the operations would be done. Her performance of the practice therefore would encourage successful healing process. Vigorous ankle ROM exercises are also another very important area that requires the patient to perform as a post-operative breathing exercises and movement restrictions. Gill needs to be moving her ankle and feet continuously to strengthen them, the legs need to be kept straight, and she has to avoid bending her knees and hip (Chang, 2016). She has to leave her toes on the floor and to lift her heel down and up. She has to exercise the weight bearing on her ankles and perform some simple walking practices with the help of the crutches. These practices would encourage the strengthening of the hip muscles to promote quick healing process (Ciccone, 2016). To make Gill understand these practices, I will perform with her as I show her the right procedures to use during the practices. However, I would assign someone who would monitor her and help her where necessary to ensure she does them well. 2. I will considerinformation of agony, observing site and intensity by use of the scale of 0 to 10. Note causing factors and the nonverbal pain signs. The practice is advantageous in influential pain controlling needs and efficiency of the treatment program. Similarly, recommend for or offer firm cushion or bed board, lesser pillow (Flynn Khanuja, 2015). The reason for this is to enhance the elevation of the linens with the bed support as required. There has to be soft and flabby mattress, big pillows avert preservation of appropriate body position, introducing some strain on affected joins. The elevating of bedstead linens decreases pressure on swollen or aching joints. Gill has to assume the location of ease when in couch or while sitting in a chair. This practice help in the promotion of the bed rest as designated. In acute exacerbation, the whole bed rest is necessary like in the case of Gill, till the subjective and objective progresses are identified to reduce pain or hurt to joint (Freitag, Julien, Bates, Dan, Boyd, Richard, Shah, Kiran, Barnard, Adele, Huguenin, Leesa, Tenen, 2016). I will also place and screen use of cushions, the sandbags, the trochanter rolls, bandages, supports. The practice would help in resting painful joins and upholds neutral positioning.The use of bandages would reduce pain and lessen injury to joint; however, lengthy idleness can end in hurt of joint flexibility and function. Gill has been encouraged to frequent modifications of position to help her move on the bed, assisting affected linkages below and above evading jerky movements. The practice shall help in the prevention of overall weakness and joint difficulty and soothes joint, lessening the joint movements and the associated pain. Gill will be taking warm bath at bedtime; she has to use warm, soggy bandages to injured joints many times per day (In Aaron, 2015). I will have to observe the temperature water and that of the compress, steam bath this is because heat encourages muscle lessening and flexibility, reductions of pain, and dismisses daybreak stiffness. The practices are depicted to promote the faster healing process of Gill. Furthermore, the practices are geared towards ensuring that Gill is protected from the unnecessary injuries to the joints and the hip. 3. Diclofenalac orally the use of the drug is to reduce pain because diclofenac is shown to be a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory painkiller used in the treatment of from mild to moderate pain, aids to relieve signs of arthritis like osteoarthritis or the rheumatoid arthritis conditions, such as stiffness, joint pain , and swelling (In Hayat, 2016). Therefore the drug is administered to help in the reduction of pain. Combination chondroitin /glucosamine orally- these drugs are effective in the production of a range of other elements that are entailed in structuring of the tendons, tendons, cartilages, and the abundant fluids that environs the joints. The cartilages and the fluids cushion the joints, poor support of the joints often result in the frictions, stiffness and pains (In Ignatavicius, In Workman, In Blair, In Rebar In Winkelman, 2016). The drugs however, increase the degree of fluid and cartilage surrounding the joints and assist in prevention of such pains and stiffness. The drugs also aid osteoarthritis of the spine and the hip. Subcutaneous enoxaparin the drug is used in the treatment or prevention blood clotting named deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that can result in the blood closings in the breathing system especially the pulmonary embolism. A DVT may occur after some forms of surgery, due to a long illness (In Jones, 2016). The drug prevents harmful blood clots practice inside blood vessels. The clotting is harmful to the health of Gill because they might cause further injury to the affected tissues. The drug is therefore used for some days after hip surgery. It is helpful in the prevention of blood lumps from developing in the blood vessel of hips after the operations. The nursing responsibility is to ensure that Gill has the right dosage and observes the right time of taking the drugs. I will ensure that the drugs are taken alongside the correct foodstuffs. I will ensure frequent monitoring of the patient and record any signs of the effects of the drugs and record them (In Nicassio, 2016). The patient information will have to be kept in correctly format. The drugs will have to be well stored as per the prescription of the doctors. I will be responsible for the informing Gill of the name, goals, the actions and latent side paraphernalia of drugs that are given to her. I will be checking the suitability of the drugs to be certain about the expiry dates and the validity of the drugs. I will instruct Gill about reportable signs, such as pain, burning, irritating, or distension and possible reactions particular to the drug. Additionally, I will be monitoring the side effects of the drug through the observation of the body reactions to ascertain that Gill is responding appropriately to these 3 medications you will be administering. 4 . Nursing Care Plan: Gill Note: Dot points may be used in care plan. The number of spaces below is not an indication of how many nursing problems you have to include. Add or delete to meet your needs. A spare blank copy is below if you need to add more. Nursing problem: Family Support Programs Related to: Medical care system Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working The family member will verbalise reduced anxiety on Gill. She would feel well supported and love. She will be less stressful and hence be relaxed to offer ample time for the treatment process to be done. . 1. Provide enlightening materials about therapeutic, joining, dressing variations. 2. Provide medical appointment to social amenities or maternal sustenance groups. Being malleable while training family about the wound care. 3. Provide motivational and social facilities like television that help to keep her calm and encourage her. 4. Ask some relatives to frequently pay her visits (Lepus, Robinson, Fathman, Miklos, Wyss-Coray Stanford University 2016) 5. Take her out for socialization practices and being more friendly to share her worries 1. The knowledge lessens anxiety and stress (In Watson, 2015). 2. the practices allow for expelling of doubts and blame feelings, and offer chats on helpful thoughts about the process of handling the medication and the long-term maintenance Gill will be learning in diverse ways, with fairly a less cross-examinations too. 3. The process shall promote her responsibility in promoting self-care programs. 4. The programs reduce the patients fears and promote the collaboration with the medical practitioners. The family has confidence in the program characterized with no indicators of anxiety. The patient is collaborative and healing process if fastened. Nursing problem: Sleep Configuration Troubles Related to: Body functioning Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Lessening of pain and decrease of injuries. prevention of frictions and further weakening of the joint Hit enter to make sections longer 1. Changing Gills position often. 2. Performing a variety of gesticulation exercises. 3. Promoting continuous sleep through use of medicines. 4. proper positioning of the body and especially the affected joints 1. It enhances the reduction of joint stiffness and stops contractures. 2. The sleep deficiency can upsurge pain observation 3. Promote easy administration of the drugs especially dressing the wounds (Magee, Zachazewski, Quillen Manske, 2016) 4. promote quick healing while encouraging the mobility of the joints with less pains felt Emotional state of bodily and psychological comfort. the patient look relaxed and null cases of pain reported Nursing problem: Risk for scarce Fluid difficult and fluid output Related to: Homeostasis Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Gill will sustain adequate urine output and the balance of the body fluids in the joints and the body generally 1. Observing vital indicators, central vein pressure, tube refill time, and the pounds 2. Managing Venous and oral liquids as well-organized. 3. Approximating unresponsive fluid injuries. 4. Introducing urinary tube. 5. Checking for hypernatremia and hyperkalemia in the body fluids to ascertain the effects of the drugs administered to her 1. Gill is originally at jeopardy for hypovolemic tremor and requires fluid resuscitation 2. Careful control of fluid necessities and safeguarding proper consumption help save the patient properly hydrated. 3. Injuries are augmented within the first 3 hours after injury. Plasma is vanished through injury since the capillary will be damaged (Shrestha, Swastina, Dave, Amish, Losina, Elena, Katz, 2016). 4. Helps preserve precise output dimension during serious care phase 5. Sodium is also lost during the excessive bleeding as well as potassium lost from injured cells, therefore, triggering electrolyte inequities Gill maintains standard urine production and injury to the joint is not extreme. Nursing problem: Psychotherapy Related to: Emotional control Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Gill will decrease anxiety and unnecessary tensions 1. Providing continuousness of care programs 2. Making her participate in some group errands and activities. 3. encourage her to socialize more and be free to chart with friends 4. providing internment facilities 1. Aids in building a trustful relational relationship 2. Decreases anxieties and overstimulation and inspires rest Gill articulates and demonstrates signs of reduced anxiety levels Nursing problem: Nutritional concerns Related to: Health living Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Gill will retain her weight and exhibit adequate nutrient concentrations Hit enter to make sections longer 1. Provision of a multivitamin supplements in the meals. 2. Providing chances to Gill for selecting her foods which are rich in vitamins and the minerals. 3. Weighing Gill daily. 4. ensuring she feeds on the foods that body building and the vitamins 1. Vitamins aid in the healing process. 2. Promotes the acquaintance of appetite to encourage the intake of food (Strand, Vibeke, Lim, Sooyeol, Takamura, 2016). 3. Offers objective assessment Gill retains her weight, acceptable hydration and standard nutrient content Nursing problem: Risks of Infection Related to: Immunity Goal of care Nursing interventions/actions Rationale Indicators your plan is working Following the treatment intervention Gill cannot acquire any illness. Confirmation of swelling and redness, negative results on blood culture. Hit enter to make sections longer 1. Placing Gill in a secluded room, and restraining visitors. 2. Captivating vital signs often. And checking the entire leukocytes computation. 3. Carrying out hand cleanliness the surround of the patient and before and after touching the patient. 4. the use of standard protection like gloves, gown and mask 5. Evaluating helical colour 6. Meticulous sterile wound covering. 1. To counter nosocomial infection 2. An upsurge in fever is an infection. 3. To avert spread of bacteria. 4. To screen position of Gills joint marks of infection. After the time of treatment intercession Gill was not infected as per the prove of no swelling and inflammation 5. In caring for the patient with osteoarthritis disease it is vital to recall that numerous variables rule on the deliberation that one can deliver. During this entire task, I had the opportunity to reinforce my understanding about diverse exercises, for instance, To start with, the value of maintaining a balanced diet by advising Gill to understand diet as a section of the cure and use the foodstuffs that contain proteins and calories for reducing the hazard of metabolic disturbing effects and encourage rapid salvage from osteoarthritis surgery. Furthermore, the joint dressing and observance of the right positioning of the patient are vital practices that reduce the pain and injury to the joint after the operations (Xiao, Ya-Ping, Tian, Fa-Ming, Dai, Mu-Wei, Wang, Wen-Ya, Shao, Li-Tao, Zhang, 2016). It is important the nurses that will handle Gill to note that she is on the healing process and care need to be taken concerning the nursing process. She is able to walk slightly and she must not be forced to use the crutches hence she must be support well to avoid further injury to her hip. Furthermore, she is still weak and needs to feed on more carbohydrates to supply her with energy. Gill must be observed well she does not like taking full dosage because she fears drugs, therefore, the nurses attending to her have to be keen and ensure that she meets the doctors prescriptions (Strand, Vibeke, Lim, Sooyeol, Takamura, 2016). The rehabilitation process has to consider that Gill has not healed yet therefore she has to be positioned well and turned on the bed to prevent pain and injuries if she is left to perform the practices alone. Lastly, Gill is supportive and social she has to be taken out for some socializing practices to reduce anxiety. References Calandruccio, J. H., Grear, B. J., Mauck, B. M., Sawyer, J. R., Toy, P. C., Weinlein, J. C. (2016). Common Complications in Orthopedics, An Issue of Orthopedic Clinics. Chang, Jiun Chiun. (2016). Understanding the role of sclerostin in post-traumatic osteoarthritis development in mice. eScholarship, University of California. Ciccone, C. D. (2016). Pharmacology in rehabilitation. Flynn, J. A., Khanuja, H. S. (2015). Arthritis: Your annual guide to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Freitag, Julien, Bates, Dan, Boyd, Richard, Shah, Kiran, Barnard, Adele, Huguenin, Leesa, Tenen, Abi. (2016). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy a review. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. In Aaron, R. K. (2015). Diagnosis and management of hip disease: Biological bases of clinical care. In Hayat, M. A. (2016). Autophagy: Cancer, other pathologies, inflammation, immunity, infection, and aging. In Ignatavicius, D. D., In Workman, M. L., In Blair, M., In Rebar, C. R., In Winkelman, C. (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care. In Jones, K. (2016). Arthritis sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, childhood arthritis, gout, fibromyalgia, spinal stenosis, lupus, infectious arthritis, and auto-immune disorders associated with arthritis, along with facts about medications. In Nicassio, P. M. (2016). Psychosocial factors in arthritis: Perspectives on adjustment and management. In Watson, R. R. (2015). Foods and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of disease in older adults. Lepus, C. M., Robinson, B., Fathman, C. G., Miklos, D., Wyss-Coray, A., Stanford University. (2016). Innate immune mechanisms of osteoarthritis. Magee, D. J., Zachazewski, J. E., Quillen, W. S., Manske, R. C. (2016). Pathology and intervention in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Maryland Heights, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier. Shrestha, Swastina, Dave, Amish, Losina, Elena, Katz, Jeffrey. (2016). Diagnostic accuracy of administrative data algorithms in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis: a systematic review. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Strand, Vibeke, Lim, Sooyeol, Takamura, Junko. (2016). Evidence for safety of retreatment with a single intra-articular injection of Gel-200 for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee from the double-blind pivotal and open-label retreatment clinical trials. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Xiao, Ya-Ping, Tian, Fa-Ming, Dai, Mu-Wei, Wang, Wen-Ya, Shao, Li-Tao, Zhang, Liu. (2016). Are estrogen-related drugs new alternatives for the management of osteoarthritis?. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.

Social Development Reflection Essay Example For Students

Social Development Reflection Essay When you are a teacher it is very important that you that you say in tune with your students. Having the ability to relate to them at each stage of social development, as a teacher you should know each stage of social development, and the specifics keys to each of those stages. This could play a major role in how you teach, will interact with each of your students. Knowing the stage of social development has a major impact on how a teacher teaches. First stage is children from pre-school to second grade. At this stage children tend to be very hyper and as a teacher you should have activities to funnel the student’s energy, as well young children learns faster and better when they are able to be more physical. Second you have children from grade three to five at this time they are starting to realize that every child is important just like they are. At the stage I feel it is important to have group project because it help the students in their social and academic demands. Students really respond to rewards when they get the correct answer, so teacher need to think of this when teaching students at this age level. Thread stage grades six to eighth. This age is when children are in their testing stage questioning their self with â€Å"what if† for instance; what if I don’t do my homework? This is a hard stage for teachers they have the hardest time and most challenging time trying to explaining who, what, where, why, and how’s. Last we have the high school students. At this age they understand the society and other people as a whole. When teaching high school students it can also be challenging it is important to it right, engage the students and also challenge them. Each of these stages of social development is very important when becoming a teacher. Being able to understand each stage I feel will make you become a better teacher. Reference Ormond, Jeanne. Ellis, (2014). Educational psychology: Developing learners. (Eighth Edition, Chapter,3).

Gender Studies Chapter 1 Flashcard

Gender Studies Chapter 1

Key accounting policies Essays

Key accounting policies Essays Key accounting policies Essay Key accounting policies Essay Fiat group put into practice an interpretation IFRIC 4 as of January 1, 2006. To be very particular about the interpretation it specifies that an arrangement contains a lease if it depends on the use of a particular asset and hand over a right to control the use of that asset. An amendment to IAS 39 titled Financial Instrument Recognition and Measurement to the foreign currency risk of a highly probable permit intragroup forecast transaction to qualify as the hedged element in a cash flow hedge in consolidated financial statements, which was released in 2005. The amendment states that the operation is denominated in a currency which ought to be different from the functional currency of the body which enters to that deal. Moreover the foreign currency risk will have an impact on consolidated financial statements. Another amendment to IAS 39 was issued by ISAB which concerned recognition and measurement to limit the use of the opportunity to determine any financial asset or liability to be measured at accurate value via profit and loss. An alteration under the title Group and Treasury Share Transactions was released on November, 2006. The amendment set ups that share based payment arrangements in which an entity gets services as consideration for its own equity instruments must be accounted for as equity-settled. Fiat group has introduced this interpretation in January, 2006. Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives was released on March 3, 2006. It demands evaluating by an entity if implanted derivative is require to be cut off from the host contract and accounted for a derivative when the body first becomes a party to the deal. The ISAB released the IFRS 8 in 2006, 30 November. It is about new standard which requires the information within segment reporting to be based upon the mechanism of the entity that management board uses to decide about operational issues. Disclosure Fiat keeps a continuous contact with the Shareholders. The contact policy is an open communication. A lot of presentations are held regularly to provide crucial events. Furthermore, seminars were introduced in order to extend the information about Fiat group performance. Official website www. fiatgroup. com with an intention to provide historical financial data, real time updates on Fiat stock and periodic publications.

Comparison of state funding strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of state funding strategies - Essay Example Rather, three major modalities are implemented. These are work-study, loans, and grant. The benefit is that it expands the number of beneficiaries as it addresses different areas of educational funding needs. On a yearly basis, an amount of $5.35 billion is said to be spent in this regard. The new scheme comes to replace what was known as Robin Hood, and emerges with the benefit of allowing for better equitability, less divisiveness and better funding, all of which can be said to be the strength of the new scheme. Figure 1 below shows how different students and institutions have made use of the funding scheme. Unlike Texas where the funding scheme is directly focused on the student spending to the tune of $5.35 billion, the scheme in New York looks more into the generation and issuance of grants to educational institutions. What this means is that even though this money is non-repayable, it must be contested for by interested educational institutions through grant writing (NYSED, 2014). Here, the strength that can be seen of the state funding scheme used in New York is that it allows for competitiveness among institutions, where more deserving institutions that can justify their course through the grant writing receive more. Comparing this to what prevails in Texas, however, a major loophole can be found when it comes to equitable distribution of the national cake. This is because through no fault of their own, there will be students who will be denied necessary state funding since their institutions cannot convince state authorities as to why their institutions should receive grants. It must be noted that students have both direct and indirect benefits from state funds, including the savings made by parents on the payment of fees. Alabama, on the other hand, has a very unique state funding scheme that is meant purposely for college students (Alabama Commission on Higher Education, 2013). Unlike the first two strategies discussed, this